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INSURANCE

Insurance is a means by which the risk of loss can be passed on to the other party (insurer or insurer) by paying some fee (called premium ). The party whose risk is passed on to the insurer is called the 'insured'. An insurer is usually a company that is willing and able to cover the loss or damage of the insured.Insurance [1] is a type of contract . An agreement between two or more persons that can be legally enforceable is called a contract. The broad meaning of an insurance contract is that the insurer pays a certain sum of money to the person insured on the occurrence of the event described in the policy . The periodical premiums (insured, premium) that the insurer keeps on paying to the insured are redeemable in this contract. The word 'insurance' comes from Persian which means 'to take responsibility'. Dr. Raghuveer has translated it - 'Agope'. Its English synonym is "insurance".Insurance is actually a contract between the insurer and the insured in which the insurer pays a certain sum of money to the insured in exchange for a fixed amount (premium) upon the occurrence of a certain event (such as the end of a certain age or death) or else Indemnifies the insured for the actual loss caused by the risk.Thinking about the basis of insurance, it is revealed that insurance is a kind of association in which all the insured who may be the victims of the risk, pay the premium while only a few (very few) of them who are actually Losses are taken, compensation is given. In fact, the risk appetite is high but only a few of them suffer losses in a given period. The insurer (company) undertakes to distribute the loss of the insured parties to the remaining insured parties.

Features And Nature Of Insurance

1. Protection against risks - Insurance is a powerful way to protect against risks. It frees a person from all the uncertainties prevailing in life. These risks may relate to life, health, rights and financial resources, assets. Therefore, one way of protection against all these risks is insurance.2. Method of Spreading the Risks – In insurance, work is done on the basis of cooperative spirit “one for all and all for one” . A fund is formed by collecting people who are surrounded by similar types of risks so that the risk of one person is distributed among all the members and when any one member is exposed to the risk, payment is made from that fund to that particular member.3. Transfer of risk from the insured to the insurer - In insurance, the risks of all the insured are transferred to the insurer. A fixed payment is made by the insurer in case of loss to the insured.4. Insurance is a process - Insurance is also a process which is conducted in a predetermined manner. First the insured transfers his risk to the insurer in exchange for a fixed premium, then the insurance obligation provides protection against that risk.5. Insurance a contract - Insurance having the property of legality, it is a valid contract. In this, an offer is made by the insured to the insurer and upon acceptance by the insurer, a valid contract is made between the two in exchange for a fixed premium. In which the insurer promises to cover the loss on the occurrence of a certain event.6. Insurance is a cooperative approach - Insurance is based on the spirit of cooperative. Persons exposed to similar types of risks contribute to a certain fund, out of which the risk to any member is paid out of that fund. Thus the spirit of “all for one and one for all is worked out.7. Determining the risks of losses - In insurance, the risks cannot be eliminated, but the uncertainty of the risks is minimized and certain. Risks are transferred by the insured to the insurance company and the value of that risk is fixed with a fixed return / premium. That is, in lieu of a fixed premium, uncertain losses are determined as the sum insured to be received by the insurance company. This amount is called the insurance claim amount.8. Payment only on the occurrence of the event - In insurance, the payment is made only on the occurrence of the event. In life insurance, the occurrence of an event is certain, such as the death of a person, suffering from a particular disease, completion of the insurance period, then in such a situation, the insured must be paid. But in normal insurance, payment will be made only after the occurrence of the event, otherwise the insured will not be considered liable for payment.9. Assessment and Assessment of Risk - In insurance, the assessment of risk is done before the contract of insurance. The premium is predetermined on the basis of the amount of risk and the likelihood of the risk arising. In lieu of this fixed return/premium, a certain sum assured is paid on the occurrence of a certain risk.10. Basis of payment - Life insurance has an investment element, so on the death of the party or the completion of the term, a certain amount is paid to the insured. But in other insurance the payment will be made equal to the actual damage. This damage will be paid only in case of risk arising due to the insured reasons as per the contract and within the limit of the sum insured, not more than that amount will be paid.11. Wide Scope - The scope of insurance has now become very wide. Earlier only life insurance, marine insurance and fire insurance were insured, but now along with traditional risks, non-traditional risks are also insured. Now the scope of miscellaneous insurance has become very broad. In this, many types of insurance have been included like theft insurance, accident insurance, livestock insurance, crop insurance etc.12. Institutional Structure - Big organizations all over the world are engaged in insurance work. In India Life Insurance Corporation, General Insurance Corporation and its four subsidiaries and many private companies are engaged in the work of insurance.13. Insurance is not gambling - In insurance, damage is compensated only when there is a compensation or normal damage equal to the actual damage, so it is wrong to compare insurance with gambling. In gambling, one party is in profit and the other party always remains in loss, but it does not happen in insurance.14. Insurance is not a donation, it is a right - the right is obtained by giving contribution by the insured in the insurance, on the basis of the contractual relationship, the insurer pays the insured money / claim after a certain period of time in return for the fixed consideration (premium).15. Measures to solve social problems - Many social problems prevailing in the society are solved through insurance because the uncertainties and risks of the society are reduced by insurance.16. Insurance Law Compulsory - In the modern era, the field of insurance is expanding, along with it it is becoming the duty of the governments to make regulatory acts related to insurance. Acts have also been made in India for life insurance,

marine insurance, general insurance. Apart from this , the entire insurance business is regulated and controlled by the Insurance Control and Development Authority.17. Essentials of Insurance Principles - It is necessary to have certain principles for an insurance contract. Among them insurable interest, principle of ultimate good faith, cooperation and potential etc. are the main principles. In the absence of the principle of insurable interest, insurance would be treated as gambling.18. Insured only valid properties/works - Insured can be done only on legitimate properties. Goods of theft, dacoity, smuggling etc. cannot be insured.19. Having Large Number of Insureds - The larger the group of persons exposed to the same type of risk, the more the insured will get protection against lower premiums.20. Loss is beyond the control of the insured - Only unknown and uncertain losses can be insured. Whether there will be loss or not, what will be the intensity and intensity of loss, it should all be out of control.

Types Of Insurance Contracts

Contracts of insurance can be divided into two types of categories. Those contracts in which there is a liability to indemnify and those in which there is no question of indemnity but a contract to pay a fixed amount. Indemnity insurance can be marine insurance as well as non-marine. First example overseas by seais the insurance of the safety of the goods being sent to and another example is the insurance of the fire hazard or the motor. In a contract of indemnity, only damages are covered. Even if the same item is insured in more than one place (insurance institutions), only the amount of compensation is available to the insurer. Yes, those insurance companies share the payment amount among themselves. Therefore, this principle of indemnity contract does not apply to life insurance and accident insurance. Therefore, for whatever amount of life insurance and accident insurance is done, the entire amount is available to the insured (if he is alive) or his nominee.

FIRE INSURANCE

As it has been said, fire insurance is a contract of indemnity, that is, the amount which is mentioned on the insured will definitely be received, but not so that the indemnity will be indemnified to that extent. A fire insurance contract, although it is only in respect of some property, still it is a personal contract i.e. the owner of the said property or the person having insurance interest in that property is assured of indemnity by that contract. Therefore, if the insured does not have ownership or any other right in which property, which provides him with an insurance interest, then he cannot take advantage of the contract even after getting the insurance done.Although the insurance interest is transferred on change of ownership of the property, the insurance contract does not automatically transfer as per English law. The permission of the insurer is necessary even if it is intended to transfer the contractual benefit thereof along with the sale of the property. This is not the case in Indian law. As per Sections 49 and 133 of the Fixed Asset Transfer Law, in the absence of a contrary contract, the recipient of the property can claim the benefit of the insurance contract for compensation. Some rights may be available to more than one person in the same commodity and they may have different types of insurance interests. So they all can take multiple insurances on the property of that one depending on their interests.In order to claim indemnity on a fire insurance contract, it is necessary that the immediate cause of the damage is the fire itself and fire means that a spark has come out (in English it is called Ignition). Scorching of an object due to excessive pressure is not considered as a fire. The rule of necessity of "sparking" does not apply to loss caused by lightning. Loss caused by explosion is not called loss due to fire, even if that explosion was caused by fire. Its premise is that the immediate cause of the loss should be fire. Similarly, the loss arising out of the acts of a third party in the event of fire is also not included in the fire loss. But the extent of fire or water damage is determined not immediately after the fire is extinguished but at the time when the said insured property is handed over to the insured.There are three types of fire insurance contracts:rated or undervaluedcomplete and indefinitefixed and averageIn the appraised insurance contract, if the property is completely destroyed, then the amount written on the insurance letter has to be given to the insurer. In an unvalued insurance contract, if the entire property is destroyed, the said property is valued at that time. In a complete and indefinite fire insurance contract, the list of items is not given, but the risk of loss due to fire is normally insured. In a closed fire insurance contract, the amount is written on the prescribed insurance letter. Proportionate indemnity is done in average fire insurance contract: Restoration or Restitution, average and partial liability principles apply in fire insurance contract.

LIFE INSURANCE

Life insurance often originated at the same time as marine insurance, because while the owners of ships on a commercial voyage were concerned about managing against the possibility of shipwreck, the lives of the captains of those ships were equally valuable. At the same time, when unions of artisans began to be established and rules could be established to calculate the average age limit along with the account of births and deaths, then life insurance contracts also became widely spread. But at that time the terms of insurance letters were quite difficult. According to the terms of pre-American Civil War life insurance contracts, a letter of insurance had no Surrender Value. No loan could be availed on insurance. There was no grace period to pay the insurance premium and the insurance was declared invalid in case of suicide, duel or sea voyage.Life insurance is a contract between two persons - the insurer and the insurer - according to which the insurer undertakes to receive a fixed sum of money in return for timely payments for a specified period of time and the insurer at a specified time in return for those fixed payments. promises to pay. The difference between other types of insurance contracts and life insurance contracts is that it is concerned only with human life and whatever the type or form of the insurance contract, the basic condition is that if the insured dies during the insured's life. If so, the insurer shall pay the amount written on the insured. The cause of death can terminate this contract only in two situations. One, if the death of the insured is by any unlawful act himself. Two, If the death of the insured is due to such causes as have been given in the letter of insurance. There is some difference between the English law and the Indian law on this subject. Attempting to commit suicide is a crime in India but suicide is not a crime, so such an insurance contract can be terminated on committing suicide, in which this condition is written in the insurance letter. The subject of suicide comes in the first category in the English law.lifeThe amount received in insurance is considered as a loan to the insured. Therefore, it falls under the category of "property" under Section 3 of the Transfer of Property Law (TPA) and it could be transferred according to Section 130 of the said law. Now the arrangement for transfer of the amount of life insurance has been made in section 38 and 39 of the insurance law. The transfer of the said amount can also be done by assignment (Section 38) and also by nomination (39). In assignment, the insurer transfers his rights and interests arising out of that insurance contract to another. Nomination only means that if the nominee is alive on the death of the insured, then the sum assured becomes available to him. The nomination can be changed without notice. If the nominee dies earlier, then the insurer will have the right to get the amount again. is received. This is not the case in assignment. Once the rights to an insurance contract have been assigned, a second assignment cannot be made without his prior permission. If the assignee dies before the insurer, those rights are not returned to the insured but become available to the heirs of that deceased person.There are many types of life insurance, such as term life insurance, endowment policy, unit linked insurance, whole life insurance plan, money back plan etc. Buying a life insurance plan at a young age gives you good cover at low premium rates. If you buy the same insurance policy when you are older, you will be paying a much higher premium than that plan.

Travel Insurance

As the name suggests, travel insurance is a type of insurance policy, providing financial protection for you and your loved ones while you are visiting any place in India or abroad. Whether you are travelling solo or with your loved ones, the travel insurance coverage will help ensure that you have a peaceful journey.The travel insurance policy coverage takes care of any issues that you may face during your trip such as loss of baggage, flight cancellations, loss of passport, personal and medical emergencies. Different types of travel insurance policies include:1) Domestic Travel Insurance: Within the country2) International Travel Insurance: For any trips or vacations outside of India3) Individual Travel Insurance: If you are travelling alone4) Student Travel Insurance: If you are going abroad for further studies5) Senior Citizen Travel Insurance: For senior citizens, ageing between 60 to 70 years6) Family Travel Insurance: For any family vacations

Motor Insurance

Motor insurances are types of insurance that offer financial assistance in case your bike or car get involved in an accident. Various types of Motor insurance policies in India include:1) Car Insurance: Individually owned four-wheelers are covered under this plan. The car insurance types include- third-party insurance and comprehensive cover policies.2) Bike Insurance: These are types of insurance policy where individually owned two-wheelers are covered against accidents3) Commercial Vehicle Insurance: This is one of the insurance types, which offers coverage to any vehicle used for commercial purposes

Accident Insurance

There can be two types of circumstances under the contract-the burden of indemnifying others by accident andAccidental damage to self or property. In America it is called 'Casualty Insurance'. In English law , it is referred to as 'indemnity insurance'. These types are not accepted in the Indian insurance law, but here it is divided into life insurance and general insurance . Therefore, in the above mentioned two situations, the latter comes under the category of life insurance. Insurance of such accidents has been made mandatory under the Motor Vehicle Act (1930) and Air Navigation Act 1934 so that the interests of the injured can be protected.

Health Insurance

Health insurance article section is set to cater the best possible knowledge related to different health insurance products like family floater, senior citizen, critical illness and more. This section is your complete guide to health insurance with limelight shed on the latest upcoming plans. These featured articles will provide appropriate information, tips and advises to the customers with the intent of helping them in accurate selection of health insurance plans and products.

Home Insurance

Home insurance i.e. the insurance that is done in home insurance, in which policies are made according to your building material and construction. In this, the insurance company gives the loss of both the things of the house or the household items.This insurance comes in handy in case of a fall or an accident, theft of the goods, burning of the goods or any such inconvenience. In which there has been damage to the house or the goods kept inside.

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